Electrophoretic Profiles of Gliadin Subunits to Evaluate Genetic Diversity of Azerbaijan Synthetic Branched Spike Wheat Accessions

The new branched spike forms of wheat were synthesized from the crosses between a complex wheat line 171ACS {Aegilotriticale [(T. durum Desf. × Ae. tauschii Coss.) × Secale cereale L. ssp. segetale Zhuk.] × T. aestivum L. ‘Chinese Spring’} (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) and durum wheat variety T. durum Desf. ‘Bereketli-95’ (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) and also between a dwarf line 237KACS (Aegilotriticale × T. aestivum L. ‘Chinese Spring’) (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) and durum wheat variety T. durum Desf. ‘Caerulescens’. This branched spike forms are distinguished significantly from each other and the other branched spike forms known so far. This study was aimed to analyze the genetic variability of these novel branched spike lines and the other branched spike forms known so far comparatively using the acid-PAGE method. Sixty two polymorphic bands and 69 patterns were identified. Twenty four different motility bands and 24 patterns were found in the gliadin region with 10 polymorph bands and 18 patterns for -gliadins and 13 bands and 14 different patterns for -gliadins and 15 bands and 13 patterns for -gliadins. The combination of these patterns generated 36 and 28 combinations for Gli-1 and Gli-2 loci, respectively. The genetic diversity index (H) was higher for -gliadins (0.871), followed by and -gliadins (0.788 and 0.736, respectively) and for -gliadin patterns (0.593). Extensive polymorphism (H = 0.747) was observed in four gliadin pattern regions for Azerbaijan branched spike wheat accessions. Each genotype had special identifying patterns in the gliadin acid-PAGE analysis and cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficients formed eight groups. Because of simple, repeatable and economic analysis, electrophoretic fractionation of gliadins on polyacrylamide gel, it can be used as a powerful method for identifying varieties with similar genotypes.